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Computer

Un computer è una macchina automatizzata programmabile in grado di eseguire sia complessi calcoli matematici (calcolatore) sia altri tipi di elaborazioni dati (elaboratore).

Concepito come una macchina per automatizzare alcune capacità della mente umana, come ad esempio il calcolo e la capacità di memorizzazione potenziandone la portata e applicandole alla soluzione di particolari problemi scientifici e ingegneristici, solo a partire dalla seconda metà del XX secolo, evolve in macchina in grado di eseguire le elaborazioni dati più varie.

Ci si riferisce comunemente al computer come ad un dispositivo elettronico e digitale, programmabile a scopo generico, costruito secondo il modello teorico-computazionale della cosiddetta macchina di Turing e la cosiddetta architettura di von Neumann, anche se oggi tuttavia il termine assume il significato più generico di sistema elettronico di elaborazione programmabile e non programmabile, includendo dunque una vasta gamma di tipologie di dispositivi: sebbene i computer programmabili a scopo generico siano oggi i più diffusi, esistono infatti in specifici ambiti di applicazione modelli di computer dedicati a vari campi e settori come automazione industriale, domotica, computer grafica.

Nel corso della storia, l’implementazione tecnologica di questa macchina si è modificata profondamente sia nei meccanismi di funzionamento (meccanici, elettromeccanici ed elettronici), che nelle modalità di rappresentazione dell’informazione (analogica e digitale) che in altre caratteristiche (architettura interna, programmabilità, ecc.). In questa forma e al pari della televisione, esso rappresenta il mezzo tecnologico simbolo che ha maggiormente modificato le abitudini umane dopo la seconda guerra mondiale: la sua invenzione ha contribuito alla nascita e allo sviluppo dell’informatica moderna, che ha segnato l’avvento della cosiddetta terza rivoluzione industriale e della società dell’informazione.

ICT e aziende: a chi ci rivolgiamo quando siamo nei guai

Novembre 30, 2017

Il consulente ICT

Leggi tuttoICT e aziende: a chi ci rivolgiamo quando siamo nei guai

Categorie Lavoro Tag Computer, Informatica Lascia un commento

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